Design method of adjustable clearance rolling ball bearing:
Rolling ball bearings are widely used in production and life due to their many advantages such as low frictional resistance, sensitive start, high efficiency, high rotation precision, simple lubrication and easy replacement. However, due to its high manufacturing precision requirements and complicated process, the current standard rolling bearings are produced by special machines and manufactured by professional factories. Since the original design rarely considers the adjustable link between the rigid parts of the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling element of the bearing, the important precision index of the bearing, the radial clearance, is mainly guaranteed by the machining tolerance. Thus, even if a higher precision machine tool is used to machine the bearing parts, it is difficult to achieve the required accuracy by direct assembly due to the inevitable accumulation error. Generally, it is necessary to assemble by means of measurement and assembly by group assembly method, but the accuracy is limited, so that the price of high-precision bearings is high. At the same time, the clearance of the bearing caused by wear and tear during use can not be compensated, which reduces the actual service life and causes waste. With the development of production, there is an urgent need to solve this technical problem. To this end, after analysis and research, the author has found the main factors that restrict the accuracy of radial clearance of bearings. Then, from the reasonable design of the bearing structure, a novel structural form is designed to make the radial clearance of the bearing can be easily adjusted, and the above technical problems are solved. After trial use, the effect is better, and it is now briefly introduced.
1. Design ideas, working principles and specific structure
It is well known that to adjust the radial clearance of the bearing, the relative positional relationship of the outer ring, the inner ring and the rolling element must be changed. It is intuitive to change the outer diameter of the inner ring or the inner diameter of the outer ring as needed. For ball bearings, there is a method of machining the inner bore of the inner ring of the bearing into a certain taper, and the corresponding journal is also processed to have a corresponding taper. After assembly, the position of the inner ring on the shaft is changed by an additional device on the shaft, and the inner ring is deformed to cause a change in the outer diameter to adjust the clearance of the bearing. In all fairness, this is a better method, which can solve the problem to a certain extent, so it has been inherited so far. However, there are also several obvious shortcomings. First, the amount of adjustment is limited (even very small), and when the play is large, it is not enough. Second, it is necessary to process a high precision taper at the journal, and additional adjustment devices are required to make the manufacturing process of the shaft complicated. Third, the inner ring is subjected to a large prestress, and is a circumferential tensile stress, which is extremely unfavorable to the bearing strength. Sometimes the inner ring may even “break without breaking” when adjusting. It can be seen that this traditional method is not reasonable and needs to be improved.
Analysis of the bearing structure shows that the article has been done on the inner ring, and there seems to be no potential to dig. The rolling element is also a "iron plate", which is obviously "unprofitable." Naturally, we turn our attention to the outer circle. However, this part is really simple and simple, and it is impossible to start with a conventional idea. It is necessary to find another way. After meditation, many parties to ask for advice, repeated scrutiny, and finally opened. It is realized that changing the radial clearance of the bearing is like snoring. It is not only forced to attack from the front (radial), but also from the side (axial). The premise is that we must break through the shackles of traditional thinking and the restraint of customary forces, and must dare to innovate. Therefore, it is bold to imagine that the outer ring of the bearing is cut along the cross section and is divided into two (reverse thinking, simplified to complex). The left and right halves are relatively axially movable, and then the relative axial displacement of the outer ring is converted into the radial displacement of the rolling elements by means of the interaction of the special curved surface on the inner raceway with the rolling elements, thereby receiving an indirect change. The effect of the radial position between the ring, the outer ring and the rolling element achieves the purpose of adjusting the play. Based on this, we can have the following technical solutions: the outer ring of the rolling bearing is changed from integral to axial split combination, with double row rolling elements, and auxiliary adjusting pad set. The radial clearance of the bearing is conveniently adjusted to the required value by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the adjustment pad during assembly, and finally the outer casing is integrally assembled by threaded coupling. In the same way, when the bearing is worn for a period of time, it is only necessary to appropriately reduce the thickness of the adjusting gasket, and it is easy to eliminate the bad play and restore the original precision. Reach the purpose of repair.
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